(12) In certain NENA dialects the brand new preterite away from Classification II verbs possess an effective vocalism (m)CoCiC- otherwise (m)CuCiC- with no forerunner in the last dialects. Noldeke (1868, 213) suggested that progressive function is actually associated with brand new Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he took they out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Variations which have o or you is actually absent outside NENA and also have in many of your NENA dialects: Hertevin, Sanandaj Christian, and you will Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) The general introduce is marked by good prefix in most NENA except Hertevin plus in Mandaic and in Turoyo. The prefix takes certainly one of about three models: (a) k- towards all of the verbs (complex so you can c- in Urmi, expanded so you can ko- before consonants in the Turoyo, and also in Zakho getting g- before a voiced phoneme); (b) k- but only on a limited family of verbs (with some voicing absorption and frequently most other alter too); otherwise (c) i- into the the verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, personal communications); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we would say’, however, doqIx-wa-ce ‘we manage observe it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he consumes, will eat’, but sate ‘he products, usually, may drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin i-zare:la ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu i-napli baro ‘they chase her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
The brand new k- prefix appears to be a survival of your prefix qa- out of BT, as with the newest ubiquitous qatane ‘he teaches’. age ‘stands’. In a few eastern languages new shipments out of k- might simply for a small group of verbs (Garbell minichat 1965, 65). In others, it’s got gone away and come replaced of the an alternative prefix i-, and therefore probably originated as less sorts of we[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I goes toward the fresh synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla da kIcca ‘I visited promote money so you’re able to a beneficial girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) The fresh verb ‘give’ was yehav within the BT, and you can yav from inside the Syriac. This has been remade in every NENA dialects through the incorporation of your adopting the l- ‘to’. The brand new crucial, that has been hav inside Syriac and you may BT, is hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) in all NENA which We have suggestions, but not inside Turoyo or Mandaic.
(15) Throughout NENA, the fresh new one crucial out-of qyama ‘get up’ has lost their latest m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Christian qu (Panoussi, 110). The plural, yet not, keeps the fresh yards.
(16) In most NENA, this new imperative away from (i)zala ‘go’ are abnormal: Aradhin au moment ou (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Religious say (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani lorsque (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) All over NENA, a number of different terms can be used just like the ft to possess reflexive pronouns such ‘myself’. He or she is: ruh- in the Hertevin as well as in Turoyo, nos- regarding the around three easternmost Jewish languages, and you can gyan- about leftover languages: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
So it qa- is alone an excellent contraction of qa?
(18) A different sort of preposition meaning ‘to’ otherwise ‘for’ that takes the shape ta, tla, otherwise tla are widespread, even though not universal, for the NENA, although not found in Mandaic otherwise Turoyo. ) found cook’ (Rubba, individual communications), Zakho cuxa la psIxle darga facts ‘no you to definitely opened the door in order to him’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 182).